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In many modern industries, firms compete in differentiated-product markets while relying on complex global value chains for intermediate inputs. In such settings, trade policies such as tariffs on vehicles and parts operate not only through consumer substitution and firm pricing, but also through firms’ cost structures and sourcing decisions. We develop a structural model of […]
Within the last two decades, Machine Learning (ML), the main subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), has gained significant momentum across all sectors, driven by a confluence of factors: exponential growth in data generation, advancements in data storage and computing, and innovations in algorithmic techniques. Most notably and recently, the proliferation of deep learning (DL) methods […]
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various areas in departments of transportation (DOTs), such as traffic management and optimization. Through predictive analytics and real-time data processing, AI systems show promise in alleviating congestion, reducing travel times, and enhancing overall safety by alerting drivers to potential hazards. AI-driven simulations are also used for testing and improving transportation […]
This guide explains that safety is not just about the trains themselves, but also about how people get to and from stations . Problems often come from poor sidewalks, missing sign age, bad lighting, and busy roads near stations. Children, older adults, and people with disabilities are especially at risk. In some locations, crossings lack […]
Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPMs) use high-resolution signal and detector data to enable continuous, proactive monitoring of traffic operations and maintenance. Although they have proven benefits, their adoption among state departments of transportation (DOTs) varies widely due to challenges such as funding, equipment upgrades, and staffing. Understanding the factors behind successful implementations and the […]
Automated traffic signal performance measures (ATSPMs) provide an alternative to traditional signal timing and have been shown to improve operations at signalized intersections by reducing split failures, arrivals on red, red-light running, and delays. Although not a fully adaptive solution, ATSPMs allow agencies to make near real-time signal timing adjustments based on field data, influencing […]
Black ice, a nearly invisible hazard causing over 10% of weather-related crashes in the US, poses significant risks to roadway safety. Current measures like stationary Road Weather Information sensors (mRWIS) and cautionary signs improve awareness, but have limitations. Mobile Advanced Road Weather Information Sensors (MARWIS) offer enhanced, cost-effective, and real-time data collection at highway speed […]
More than 6,300 people died in suspected drowsy driving crashes in 2023 – ten times higher than the 633 deaths officially reported in federal statistics. GHSA’s comprehensive analysis uncovered this hidden toll by cross-referencing multiple sources, including the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Crash Investigation Sampling System. This massive gap exists because fatigue, unlike alcohol or […]
Electric cars have soared in popularity in the wake of high gasoline prices. While improvements in vehicle battery technology have led to increased battery range, consumers are still left wondering how long they can expect their vehicle battery to last. After all, the battery pack is the most expensive part of an electric car, with […]
Behavioral traffic safety messaging aims to inform, persuade, and motivate specific groups of road users to modify risky behaviors, with the goal of improving road safety and reducing traffic-related injuries and fatalities. These campaigns address numerous behaviors among both motor vehicle drivers and vulnerable road users across a wide range of demographics. Regardless of the […]